Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. [10] There, the family was frequently harassed by the Black Legion, a white racist group Earl accused of burning their family home in 1929. The common goal of 22 million Afro-Americans is respect as, Lack of Nation of Islam response to LAPD violence, Death threats and intimidation from Nation of Islam, Portrayal in film, in television, and on stage, The accuracy of these accounts has been questioned by some people who met Malcolm. As the nation’s most visible proponent of Black Nationalism, Malcolm X’s challenge to the multiracial, nonviolent approach of Martin Luther King, Jr., helped set the tone for the ideological and tactical conflicts that took place within the black freedom struggle of the 1960s. "[130] Likewise, according to The New York Times:[130]. [19] He excelled in junior high school but dropped out of high school after a white teacher told him that practicing law, his aspiration at the time, was "no realistic goal for a nigger". [174], In February, a leader of Temple Number Seven ordered the bombing of Malcolm X's car. He added that "chickens coming home to roost never did make me sad; they've always made me glad. Until his 1965 assassination, he vigorously supported Black nationalism. [154] In Cairo, he attended the second meeting of the Organization of African Unity as a representative of the OAAU. Malcolm definition, a male given name: from a Gaelic word meaning “disciple of Saint Columba.” See more. [266] He said that the Nation of Islam followed Islam as it was practiced around the world, but the Nation's teachings varied from those of other Muslims because they were adapted to the "uniquely pitiful" condition of black people in the United States. [144][145], In April 1964, with financial help from his half-sister Ella Little-Collins, Malcolm X flew to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, as the start of his Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca obligatory for every Muslim who is able to do so. The next day, the, On a radio program in December 1964, Malcolm, English-language sources disagreed whether the street was being renamed Malcolm. [50] Malcolm, whose hostility to religion had earned him the prison nickname "Satan",[51] became receptive to the message of the Nation of Islam. [41][42], When Malcolm was in prison, he met fellow convict John Bembry,[44] a self-educated man he would later describe as "the first man I had ever seen command total respect ... with words". Attallah (b. [307] The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. I was a zombie then—like all [Black] Muslims—I was hypnotized, pointed in a certain direction and told to march. [283], Malcolm X has been described as one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history. Article Frankie Muniz dévoile officiellement le prénom et les premières photos de son fils Quelques jours après l'accouchement de sa femme, la star de Malcolm et nouveau papa a repris la parole sur ses réseaux sociaux. Le site malcolm-tv.fr ne fait que répertorier du contenu indirect que l'on peut trouver sur diverses plates-formes d'hébergement vidéo public et légalement reconnus. That was a bad scene, brother. "[230], In a weekly column he wrote for the New York Amsterdam News, King reflected on Malcolm X and his [84], The American public first became aware of Malcolm X in 1957, after Hinton Johnson,[G] a Nation of Islam member, was beaten by two New York City police officers. [72] One-on-one dates were contrary to the Nation's teachings, so the couple courted at social events with dozens or hundreds of others, and Malcolm X made a point of inviting her on the frequent group visits he led to New York City's museums and libraries. Soon the police department assigned undercover officers to infiltrate the Nation of Islam. [277], In his speeches at the Militant Labor Forum, which was sponsored by the Socialist Workers Party, Malcolm X criticized capitalism. [272] He also rejected the civil rights movement's strategy of nonviolence, advocating instead that black people should defend themselves. [16] In late 1938 she had a nervous breakdown and was committed to Kalamazoo State Hospital. He met Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Ahmed Sékou Touré of Guinea, and Kenneth Kaunda of the Zambian African National Congress. Il est l’imbécile/tête … [109], While the civil rights movement fought against racial segregation, Malcolm X advocated the complete separation of African Americans from whites. Malcolm X est en effet assassinéle 21 février 1965, alors qu'il tenait un discours public. Both men had reddish hair, so Sanford was called "Chicago Red" after his hometown and Malcolm was known as "Detroit Red". In 1998, Time named The Autobiography of Malcolm X one of the ten most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century. [20] Later, Malcolm X recalled feeling that the white world offered no place for a career-oriented black man, regardless of talent. For other uses, see, "Malcolm Little" and "Malik Shabazz" redirect here. The visa rules are different depending on whether you intend to visit, work, study or reside in New Zealand. [150], Malcolm X had already visited the United Arab Republic (a short-lived political union between Egypt and Syria), Sudan, Nigeria, and Ghana in 1959 to make arrangements for a tour of Africa by Elijah Muhammad. Attallah Shabazz has said she was not named after Attila, rather her name is Arabic for "the gift of God". He was an eloquent spokesman for his point of view and no one can honestly doubt that Malcolm had a great concern for the problems that we face as a race. [122] Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. He was delayed in Jeddah when his U.S. citizenship and inability to speak Arabic caused his status as a Muslim to be questioned. [61] In June 1953 he was named assistant minister of the Nation's Temple Number One in Detroit. His mother was the National recording secretary for the Marcus Garvey Movement which commanded millions of … [335] [118][J], He inspired the boxer Cassius Clay to join the Nation,[120] and the two became close. "[291], In the late 1960s, increasingly radical black activists based their movements largely on Malcolm X and his teachings. Did you ever touch him, or have him smile at you? They were photographed greeting each other warmly, smiling and shaking hands. [38] In 1946, he was arrested while picking up a stolen watch he had left at a shop for repairs,[39] and in February began serving an eight-to-ten-year sentence at Charlestown State Prison for larceny and breaking and entering. Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series of foster homes or with relatives after his father's death and his mother's hospitalization. [58] In his autobiography, Malcolm X explained that the "X" symbolized the true African family name that he could never know. From his adoption of the Nation of Islam in 1952 until he broke with it in 1964, Malcolm X promoted the Nation's teachings. Malcolm was still turning and growing at the time of his brutal and meaningless assassination.…. In the 1970s, the public learned about COINTELPRO and other secret FBI programs established to infiltrate and disrupt civil rights organizations during the 1950s and 1960s. One officer was disarmed; his partner was shot in the elbow by a third officer. [153] During these visits he met officials, gave interviews, and spoke on radio and television in Egypt, Ethiopia, Tanganyika, Nigeria, Ghana, Guinea, Sudan, Senegal, Liberia, Algeria, and Morocco. He subsequently embraced Sunni Islam and the civil rights movement after completing the Hajj to Mecca, and became known as el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz. [215] In 1977 and 1978, he signed affidavits reasserting Butler's and Johnson's innocence, naming four other Nation members of Newark's Mosque No. [110][111] He rejected the civil rights movement's strategy of nonviolence, arguing that black people should defend and advance themselves "by any means necessary". The photo still haunts us with what was lost", "1964 Republican Convention: Revolution from the Right", "Black British History: Remembering Malcolm's Visit to Smethwick", "Britain's Most Racist Election: The Story of Smethwick, 50 Years On", "The Malcolm X Project at Columbia University", "Google Commemorates a Very Controversial Civil-Rights Figure, Yuri Kochiyama", "Muslim Man Denies Author's Claim That He Killed Malcolm X", "Malcolm X assassination case may be reopened after Netflix documentary", "Witnessed: The Assassination of Malcolm X", "Must Watch TV: 'Witnessed, The Assassination of Malcolm X, "CNN Hopes to Answer What Really Happened the Night Malcolm X Was Killed", "Harlem Is Quiet as Crowds Watch Malcolm X Rites", "Telegram from Martin Luther King Jr. to Betty al-Shabazz", "Brother Minister: The Martyrdom of Malcolm X", "Release Government Files on Malcolm X Assassination", "Kennedy, King, Malcolm X relatives and scholars seek new assassination probes", "Kennedy and King Family Members and Advisors Call for Congress to Reopen Assassination Probes", "Malcolm X family says letter shows NYPD and FBI conspired in his murder", "Daughter of Former NYPD Officer Says Malcolm X Assassination Letter is Fake", Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, "Real Life Inspirations Behind Some of the Best Comic Book Villains", "New Hollywood Podcast: Michael B. Jordan Talks How 'Black Panther' Shifted Hollywood's Idea Of Representation", "Empty Lot Holds Dreams for Rowena Moore", "National Register of Historic Places – Nebraska, Douglas County", "We Hold on to Our Kids, We Hold on Tight: Tandem Charters in Michigan", New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, "Boston residents will get to vote on changing the name of Dudley Square. [87] When they attempted to intervene, shouting, "You're not in Alabama ... this is New York! [17][18], Malcolm attended West Junior High School in Lansing and then Mason High School in Mason, Michigan, but left high school in 1941, before graduating. "I may have been complicit in words that I spoke," he said, adding "I acknowledge that and regret that any word that I have said caused the loss of life of a human being. [70] One writer described him as "powerfully built",[71] and another as "mesmerizingly handsome ... and always spotlessly well-groomed". Well, I've lived to regret that incident. But he was killed before I got the chance, "There was no time for substantive discussions between the two. [133], On March 8, 1964, Malcolm X publicly announced his break from the Nation of Islam. [172] After one such speech, when he was asked what political and economic system he wanted, he said he did not know, but that it was no coincidence the newly independent countries in the Third World were turning toward socialism. [103][104], Malcolm X was equally critical of the civil rights movement. [241], The Shabazz family are among those who have accused Louis Farrakhan of involvement in Malcolm X's assassination. Get your hand outta my pocket! [70], In 1955, Betty Sanders met Malcolm X after one of his lectures, then again at a dinner party; soon she was regularly attending his lectures. Muhammad advised him to renounce his past, humbly bow in prayer to God, and promise never to engage in destructive behavior again. More than 70 backup officers arrived who then raided the mosque and randomly beat Nation of Islam members. assassination:[235]. [12] After a dispute with creditors, Louise received a life insurance benefit (nominally $1,000—about $17,000 in 2020 dollars)[B] in payments of $18 per month;[13] the issuer of another, larger policy refused to pay, claiming her husband Earl had committed suicide. [92] A grand jury declined to indict the officers who beat Johnson. Postal Service issued a Malcolm X postage stamp in 1999. Malcolm Gladwell is the author of five New York Times bestsellers — The Tipping Point, Blink,Outliers, What the Dog Saw, and David and Goliath. The Marvel Comics writer Chris Claremont confirmed that Malcolm X was an inspiration for the X-Men character Magneto, while Martin Luther King was an inspiration for Professor X. [8], Because of Ku Klux Klan threats, Earl's UNIA activities were said to be "spreading trouble"[9] and the family relocated in 1926 to Milwaukee, and shortly thereafter to Lansing, Michigan. a smart, diligent, hard-working, but very annoyed, arrogant, condescending, often whining, bitter, self centered, egotistical, ungrateful, mischievous, reckless, impulsive maintaining a regular correspondence with Muhammad. [69], Besides his skill as a speaker, Malcolm X had an impressive physical presence. They will say that he is of hate—a fanatic, a racist—who can only bring evil to the cause for which you struggle! Nation members silently left, after which the rest of the crowd also dispersed. The house was torn down in 1965 by new owners who did not know of its connection with Malcolm X. His philosophy is known almost entirely from the many speeches and interviews he gave from 1952 until his death. Knowles was convinced that adults learned differently to children – and that this provided the basis for a distinctive field of enquiry. [207][208] Hayer, who also rejected the Nation's teachings while in prison and converted to Sunni Islam,[209] is known today as Mujahid Halim. En France, la série de la famille de Malcolm est diffusée pour la première Many of them—tired of being told to wait for freedom, justice, equality and respect[113]—felt that he articulated their complaints better than did the civil rights movement. "[171] He also addressed public meetings of the Socialist Workers Party, speaking at their Militant Labor Forum. Well, I guess a man's entitled to make a fool of himself if he's ready to pay the cost. [173], Throughout 1964, as his conflict with the Nation of Islam intensified, Malcolm X was repeatedly threatened. The next morning Malcolm X learned that Prince Faisal had designated him as a state guest. Malcolm, Norman (1980) “Functionalism in Philosophy of Psychology,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series 80: 211-29. In a famous letter from Mecca, he wrote that his experiences with white people during his pilgrimage convinced him to "rearrange" his thinking about race and "toss aside some of [his] previous conclusions". All four African-American men were arrested. Just a five-minute walk from the heart of downtown Canmore, The Malcolm Hotel provides chic accommodations and resort-style amenities in the heart of the Alberta Rockies. Malcolm Pacific Immigration has the biggest team of licensed immigration advisers and support staff in New Zealand. Malcolm est un enfant surdoué de 11 ans (au lancement de la série) qui fait partie d\'une fratrie de quatre garçons. Le… A gifted young teen tries to survive life with his dimwitted, dysfunctional family. [35][36][37], In late 1945, Malcolm returned to Boston, where he and four accomplices committed a series of burglaries targeting wealthy white families. They did not seem to be at all excited or concerned about the circumstances. When the reporter told him it seemed to be, Malcolm X told him: "Then I'm for it. To Malcolm X, the desecration of the mosque and the associated violence demanded action, and he used what Louis X (later Louis Farrakhan) later called his "gangsterlike past" to rally the more hardened of the Nation of Islam members to take violent revenge against the police. [57] Muhammad instructed his followers to leave their family names behind when they joined the Nation of Islam and use "X" instead. In October, Malcolm X sent an angry telegram to the police commissioner. The Guardian reports that "The arrests kept the two men from managing door security at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights on the day of the shooting, according to the letter. The movement could then bring its complaints before the United Nations, where Malcolm X said the emerging nations of the world would add their support. Malcolm, Norman (1980) “Kripke on Heat and Sensation of Heat,” Philosophical Investigations 3 (1): 12-20. The Nation of Islam, which had sent a message of condolence to the Kennedy family and ordered its ministers not to comment on the assassination, publicly censured their former shining star. [308][309][310], In Lansing, Michigan, a Michigan Historical Marker was erected in 1975 on Malcolm Little's childhood home. And if we dealt with him like a nation deals with a traitor, what the hell business is it of yours? Born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1925, Malcolm was the son of James Earl Little, a Baptist preacher who advocated the Black nationalist ideals of … [330] In 2005, Columbia University announced the opening of the Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center. [160][161] A week later, on November 30, Malcolm X flew to the United Kingdom, and on December 3 took part in a debate at the Oxford Union Society. [87] Alerted by a witness, Malcolm X and a small group of Muslims went to the police station and demanded to see Johnson. [328], In 1996, the first library named after Malcolm X was opened, the Malcolm X Branch Library and Performing Arts Center of the San Diego Public Library system. In 1987, New York mayor Ed Koch proclaimed Lenox Avenue in Harlem to be Malcolm X Boulevard. Police officers shot seven Muslims, including William X Rogers, who was hit in the back and paralyzed for life, and Ronald Stokes, a Korean War veteran, who was shot from behind while raising his hands over his head to surrender, killing him. The town had become a byword for racial division after the successful candidate, Peter Griffiths, was accused of using the slogan, "If you want a nigger for a neighbour, vote Liberal or Labour." Like the murder of Lumumba, the murder of Malcolm X deprives the world of a potentially great leader. [313] The city of Berkeley, California, has recognized Malcolm X's birthday as a citywide holiday since 1979. Malcolm succeeded to the crown when his cousin Constantine II entered a monastery (943). [299] This wave peaked in 1992 with the release of the film Malcolm X,[300] an adaptation of The Autobiography of Malcolm X. [148] Several days later, after completing the Hajj rituals, Malcolm X had an audience with the prince. [284][285][286] He is credited with raising the self-esteem of black Americans and reconnecting them with their African heritage. [251] In August 2014, an online petition was started using the White House online petition mechanism to call on the government to release, without alteration, any files they still held relating to the murder of Malcolm X. [97] Castro was sufficiently impressed with Malcolm X to suggest a private meeting, and after two hours of talking, Castro invited Malcolm X to visit Cuba.[98]. [111] Malcolm X suggested the United States government owed reparations to black people for the unpaid labor of their ancestors. Many will ask what Harlem finds to honor in this stormy, controversial and bold young captain—and we will smile. Malcolm, Malcom, Máel Coluim, or Maol Choluim may refer to: At trial Hayer confessed, but refused to identify the other assailants except to assert that they were not Butler and Johnson. Within days, the question of who bore responsibility for the assassination was being publicly debated. [55], In 1950, the FBI opened a file on Malcolm after he wrote a letter from prison to President Truman expressing opposition to the Korean War and declaring himself a communist. Regarder la Saison 1 de Malcolm. Just after midnight on April 27, 1962, two LAPD officers, unprovoked, shoved and beat several Muslims outside Temple Number 27. Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center, African Americans should return to Africa, "The Violent End of the Man Called Malcolm", Beliefs and theology of the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, "Malcolm X's Grandson Working on Memoirs in Miami", "How Malcolm X's murder rippled through his hometown", "Yolanda King and Attallah Shabazz: Their Fathers' Daughters", "The Playboy Interview: Martin Luther King", "The Paradox of the Afro-American Rebellion", "Martin Luther King Jr. met Malcolm X just once. In a 60 Minutes interview that aired during May 2000, Farrakhan stated that some things he said may have led to the assassination of Malcolm X. [24] The motion was taken from a statement made earlier that year by U.S. presidential candidate Barry Goldwater: "Extremism in the Defense of Liberty is No Vice; Moderation in the Pursuit of Justice is No Virtue". [237][238] Earl Grant, one of Malcolm X's associates who was present at the assassination, later wrote:[239]. As a matter of absolute fact, some of them even had their hands in their pockets. It cost me 12 years. Directed by Nadia Tass. Rumors that white racists were responsible for his father's death were widely circulated and were very disturbing to Malcolm X as a child. [100] In 1961, Malcolm X spoke at a NOI rally alongside George Lincoln Rockwell, the head of the American Nazi Party; Rockwell claimed that there was overlap between black nationalism and white supremacy. Did he ever do a mean thing? Malcolm, Norman (1981) “Kripke and the Standard Meter,” Philosophical Investigations 4 (1):1 9-24. [3] When questioned concerning his statements that white people were devils, Malcolm X said: "history proves the white man is a devil. [74][75] They had six daughters: [62][D] Later that year he established Boston's Temple Number 11;[64] in March 1954, he expanded Temple Number 12 in Philadelphia;[65] and two months later he was selected to lead Temple Number 7 in Harlem,[66] where he rapidly expanded its membership. Three Nation members were charged with the murder and given indeterminate life sentences. [278] When a reporter asked him what he thought about socialism, Malcolm X asked whether it was good for black people. Malcolm X then served as the public face of the organization for a dozen years, where he advocated for Black empowerment, Black supremacy, and the separation of black and white Americans, and publicly criticized the mainstream civil rights movement for its emphasis on nonviolence and racial integration. [101] One of the goals of the civil rights movement was to end disenfranchisement of African Americans, but the Nation of Islam forbade its members from participating in voting and other aspects of the political process. 25 as participants in the murder or its planning. [4] Earl was an outspoken Baptist lay speaker, and he and Louise were admirers of Pan-African activist Marcus Garvey. [127][128], A number of Muslims were indicted after the event, but no charges were laid against the police. Created by Linwood Boomer, Michael Glouberman, Gary Murphy. His father was killed while Malcolm was still very young, possibly by white supremacists.His mother was institutionalized for mental health issues, and the children of the family were dispersed among foster homes or the homes of relatives. I could not agree with either of these men, but I could see in them a capacity for leadership which I could respect, and which was just beginning to mature in judgment and statesmanship. In a telegram to Betty Shabazz, Martin Luther King Jr. expressed his sadness at "the shocking and tragic assassination of your husband. Hundreds of streets and schools in the U.S. have been renamed in his honor, while the Audubon Ballroom, the site of his assassination, was partly redeveloped in 2005 to accommodate the Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center. [90] One police officer told the New York Amsterdam News: "No one man should have that much power. [114][115], Malcolm X is widely regarded as the second most influential leader of the Nation of Islam after Elijah Muhammad. Après avoir quitté Nation of Islam, Malcolm X reçoit différentes menaces, et le plus souvent des menaces de mort. "Nigger! He returned to the United States in late May[152] and flew to Africa again in July. We have a multi-cultural team who speak many languages. [212][213][214], The public viewing, February 23–26 at Unity Funeral Home in Harlem, was attended by some 14,000 to 30,000 mourners. – Malcolm X 7. “We didn’t land on Plymouth Rock, Plymouth Rock landed on us.” – Malcolm X 10. In 1956 she joined the Nation of Islam, changing her name to Betty X. “Concerning nonviolence, it is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal attacks.” – Malcolm X 9. "[88] one of the officers turned on Johnson, beating him so severely that he suffered brain contusions and subdural hemorrhaging. After his Hajj, Malcolm X articulated a view of white people and racism that represented a deep change from the philosophy he had supported as a minister of the Nation of Islam. As an adult, he expressed conflicting beliefs on the question. [331] Collections of Malcolm X's papers are held by the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and the Robert W. Woodruff Library.[332][333][334]. [5][6][7] Malcolm X later said that white violence killed four of his father's brothers. [186][187], On February 19, 1965, Malcolm X told interviewer Gordon Parks that the Nation of Islam was actively trying to kill him. [240] Louis Lomax wrote that John Ali, national secretary of the Nation of Islam, was a former FBI agent. [105] He called Martin Luther King Jr. a "chump", and said other civil rights leaders were "stooges" of the white establishment. [194], One gunman, Nation of Islam member Talmadge Hayer (also known as Thomas Hagan), was beaten by the crowd before police arrived. These artifacts can be uploaded via a simple browser-based interface or captured live and forwarded to Malcolm using lightweight forwarders. The sickness and madness of those days—I'm glad to be free of them. [260][P], Malcolm X taught that black people were the original people of the world,[99] and that whites were a race of devils who were created by an evil scientist named Yakub. And we will answer and say to them: Did you ever talk to Brother Malcolm? [22][23], After a short time in Flint, Michigan, he moved to New York City's Harlem neighborhood in 1943, where he found employment on the New Haven Railroad and engaged in drug dealing, gambling, racketeering, robbery, and pimping. [197] All three were convicted of murder in March 1966 and sentenced to life in prison. These, he said, were instances of other 'chickens coming home to roost'. "[90][91] Within a month the New York City Police Department arranged to keep Malcolm X under surveillance; it also made inquiries with authorities in other cities in which he had lived, and prisons in which he had served time. He was posthumously honored with Malcolm X Day, on which he is commemorated in various cities across the United States. ", "Turning my back on Malcolm was one of the mistakes that I regret most in my life. [131] Malcolm X retained his post and rank as minister, but was prohibited from public speaking for 90 days. [327] Malcolm X Liberation University, based on the Pan-Africanist ideas of Malcolm X, was founded in 1969 in North Carolina. [329], The U.S. The Black Power movement,[70][292] the Black Arts Movement,[70][293] and the widespread adoption of the slogan "Black is beautiful"[294] can all trace their roots to Malcolm X. Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. The Nation of Islam proposed the establishment of a separate country for African Americans in the southern[110] or southwestern United States[271] as an interim measure until African Americans could return to Africa. A large crowd of angry Muslims emerged from the mosque and the officers attempted to intimidate them. 29th Prime Minister of Australia 2015-2018 [257] Many of those speeches, especially from the last year of his life, were recorded and have been published. 1964, named after Gamal Abdel Nasser and Patrice Lumumba);[82][83] and twins Malikah and Malaak (b. [242][243][244][245][246] In a 1993 speech Farrakhan seemed to acknowledge the possibility that the Nation of Islam was responsible:[247][248]. His family was ordered to vacate[181] but on February 14, 1965—the night before a hearing on postponing the eviction—the house was destroyed by fire. Similarly, his charting of the development of the adult education movement in the United States had helped him to come to some conclusions about the shape and direction of adult education. During 1962 and 1963, events caused Malcolm X to reassess his relationship with the Nation of Islam, and particularly its leader, Elijah Muhammad. [200] [121] It is because of you—the men that created this white supremacy—that this man is dead. (2000 U.S. [96] Fidel Castro also attended the Assembly, and Malcolm X met publicly with him as part of a welcoming committee of Harlem community leaders. I'll show you how to get out of prison",[48] he quit smoking and began to refuse pork. [K], Malcolm X mentored and guided Louis X (later known as Louis Farrakhan), who eventually became the leader of the Nation of Islam. [166] The next day he tried to return to France, but was refused entry.