apollo 13 accident

 

The Mission Control Center photographed on April 13, 1970, during the fourth television transmission from the Apollo 13 mission. Apollo 13 turned out to be a very different mission due to an oxygen tank explosion. [108] At pericynthion, Apollo 13 set the record (per the Guinness Book of World Records), which still stands, for the highest absolute altitude attained by a crewed spacecraft: 400,171 kilometers (248,655 mi) from Earth at 7:21 pm EST, April 14 (00:21:00 UTC April 15). The crewmembers of the Apollo 13 mission step aboard the USS Iwo Jima, after splashdown and recovery operations in the South Pacific Ocean on April 17, 1970. "Apollo Expeditions to the Moon", NASA SP-350. There was a greater role for science on Apollo 13, especially for geology, something emphasized by the mission's motto, Ex luna, scientia (From the Moon, knowledge). General Walter R. Hedrick Jr. (Director of Space, DCS/RED, Hqs., USAF); Vincent L. Johnson (Deputy Associate Administrator-Engineering, Office of Space Science and Applications); Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, "Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here,", Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13, "Remembering Chris Kraft: Pioneer of Mission Control", "Apollo 13: The moon-mission that dodged disaster", "50 years ago: NASA names Apollo 11 crew", "13 things that saved Apollo 13, Part 3: Charlie Duke's measles", "Apollo 13 astronaut Jim Lovell shares stories about Tom Hanks, Ron Howard", "Namesake Brings Personal Touch to Lovell Center Fete", "Day 1: Earth orbit and translunar injection", "Lunar Landing Training Vehicle NASA 952", "Water Gun, Helmet Feedport, In-Suit Drink Bag, and Food Stick", "Mitigating Pogo on Liquid-Fueled Rockets", "13 things that saved Apollo 13, Part 5: Unexplained shutdown of the Saturn V center engine", "Day 1: Transposition, Docking and Extraction", "Apollo lunar landing launch window: The controlling factors and constraints", "Astronauts Beat Air Crisis By Do-It-Yourself Gadget", "Biological effects of space radiation and development of effective countermeasures", "Generation Constellation Learns about Apollo 13", "Power engineer: Video interview with Apollo astronaut Ken Mattingly", "Bernard Etkin helped avert Apollo 13 tragedy", "Impact Sites of Apollo LM Ascent and SIVB Stages", "Did Ron Howard exaggerate the reentry scene in the movie Apollo 13? The tank was replaced with another for Apollo 10, and the exterior inspected. 2. [184] Mike Massimino, a Space Shuttle astronaut, stated that Apollo 13 "showed teamwork, camaraderie and what NASA was really made of". They reported that an entire panel was missing from the SM's exterior, the fuel cells above the oxygen tank shelf were tilted, that the high-gain antenna was damaged, and there was a considerable amount of debris elsewhere. NASA must devise a strategy to return Apollo 13 to Earth safely after the spacecraft undergoes As the LM's guidance system had been shut down following the PC+2 burn, the crew was told to use the line between night and day on the Earth to guide them, a technique used on NASA's Earth-orbit missions but never on the way back from the Moon. Ses membres sont des responsables d'établissement de la NASA (Goddard, Ames), des hauts responsables de la NASA ainsi que l'astronaute Neil Armstrong. [137] Odyssey regained radio contact and splashed down safely in the South Pacific Ocean, 21°38′24″S 165°21′42″W / 21.64000°S 165.36167°W / -21.64000; -165.36167 (Apollo 13 splashdown),[138] southeast of American Samoa and 6.5 km (3.5 nmi) from the recovery ship, USS Iwo Jima. [119] Normally, the accuracy of such a burn could be assured by checking the alignment Lovell had transferred to the LM's computer against the position of one of the stars astronauts used for navigation, but the light glinting off the many pieces of debris accompanying the spacecraft made that impractical. [19], According to the standard Apollo crew rotation, the prime crew for Apollo 13 would have been the backup crew[note 2] for Apollo 10, with Mercury and Gemini veteran Gordon Cooper in command, Donn F. Eisele as CMP and Edgar Mitchell as LMP. The thermostatic switches were designed to prevent the heaters from raising the temperature higher than 27 °C (80 °F), but they failed under the 65-volt power supply applied. [46], The Saturn V rocket used to carry Apollo 13 to the Moon was numbered SA-508, and was almost identical to those used on Apollo 8 through 12. Technical Memorandum (TM) Date Acquired. Swigert died in 1982 and Haise was no longer interested in such a project. The oxygen tanks were highly insulated spherical tanks which held a "slush" of liquid oxygen with a fill line and heater running down the center. Engineers on the ground devised a way to bridge the gap, using plastic, covers ripped from procedures manuals, duct tape, and other items. [78][79], Apollo 13's primary mission objectives were to: "Perform selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials in a preselected region of the Fra Mauro Formation. A series of photographs of Earth, taken to test whether cloud height could be determined from synchronous satellites, achieved the desired results. [142] He originally planned to give the award to NASA administrator Thomas O. Paine, but Paine recommended the mission operations team.[143]. Document Type. 56 hours into the mission, at about 03:06 UT on 14 April 1970 (10:06 PM, April 13 EST), the power fans were turned on within the tank for the third "cryo-stir" of the mission, a procedure to stir the oxygen slush inside the tank which would tend to stratify. The internal fill line was not known to be damaged, and this tank was later installed in Apollo 13. [127] The tank was filled with liquid oxygen again before launch; once electric power was connected, it was in a hazardous condition. The mission returned to Earth on July 24, 1969, fulfilling Kennedy's challenge. "[190] Rick Houston and Milt Heflin, in their history of Mission Control, stated, "Apollo 13 proved mission control could bring those space voyagers back home again when their lives were on the line. The Ars Technica article is a great, free place to start; the book Go, Flight! Develop man's capability to work in the lunar environment. Thus, Lovell's crew (himself, Haise and Ken Mattingly), having all backed up Apollo 11 and being slated for Apollo 14, was swapped with Shepard's. 2 oxygen tank used in Apollo 13 (North American Rockwell; serial number 10024X-TA0008) had originally been installed in Apollo 10. All three astronauts were cold, especially Swigert, who had got his feet wet while filling the water bags and had no lunar overshoes (since he had not been scheduled to walk on the Moon). Apollo 13 var den syvende bemandede mission i Apollo-programmet.Det skulle have været den tredje månelanding, der skulle have fundet sted i Fra Mauro højlandet.