Mais dès le soir, Lance Macklin mettait en cause Mike Hawthon pour s'être trop brutalement rabattu devant lui et surtout pour avoir brutalement freiné[4]. Macklin (no 26) voit trop tard que la Jaguar (no 6) est en train de ralentir devant lui et, surpris, il donne un brusque coup de volant à gauche et, en même temps, freine si brutalement qu'il bloque ses roues[2],[3] et perd le contrôle de sa voiture qui part dans une violente embardée à travers la piste au moment où arrive la Mercedes de Levegh (no 20) qui ne peut pratiquement rien faire pour l'éviter. Or les enquêteurs avaient pu prélever dans le circuit d'alimentation du moteur du carburant qui fût analysé avec la plus grande rigueur ; il s'avéra être bien celui fourni par l'ACO sans la moindre trace d'additif. [15] Le bord arrondi de son aile avant droite atteint le bord gauche du coffre de l'Austin et monte sur ce plan incliné, puis la roue suit ; en une fraction de seconde, l'avant de la Mercedes se trouve soulevé et, ainsi cabrée, elle offre au vent relatif dû à la vitesse son fond plat qui couvre tout le dessous[2]. The car slammed into a four-foot earthen embankment – the only barrier between the spectators and the track - and disintegrated. La partie arrière de la voiture bascule et rebondit en l'air, se retourne et s'écrase vingt mètres plus loin sur le talus de protection juste devant les stands. Michel Bonté, 11 juin 1955, Bâbord Armures Éditions, 2004, The Worst Accident in Motorsports History (1955 Le Mans Disaster), https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accident_des_24_Heures_du_Mans_1955&oldid=182278776, Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata, Article manquant de références depuis avril 2020, Article manquant de références/Liste complète, Portail:Endurance automobile/Articles liés, Portail:Époque contemporaine/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence, Au départ de l'épreuve, il y a soixante voitures engagées, avec une très grande disparité : les machines d'usine approchent les. Les flammes blanches provenaient du magnésium qui composait le châssis [3]. Soon after, the class-leading Gordini pitted with a holed-radiator just two laps before its replenishment window. But there were also a number of serious accidents during practice: Moss was leaving the pits just as the DB-Panhard of Claude Storez came in, the small car hit Jean Behra. The 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 23rd 24 Hours of Le Mans and took place on 11 and 12 June 1955 on Circuit de la Sarthe. Further back, third in class, was the Belgian-entered Porsche (giving a first Le Mans drive to future endurance great Olivier Gendebien). They increased the separation between the road and the spectators including a wide ditch, and revised other hazardous stretches of the track. Bueb, in his first event for the Coventry marque, handed over the leading Jaguar to Hawthorn for the final 15 minutes, and they coasted to a comfortable victory, completing a record-breaking 306 laps and finishing five laps ahead of the Aston Martin (achieving their best result to date, and only finish since 1951). [2][39] L'accident des 24 Heures du Mans 1955 est, avec 84 morts (dont le pilote français Pierre Levegh) et 120 blessés [note 1], [1], l'accident le plus important de l'histoire du sport automobile [note 2]. They were run by the team's regular F1 drivers, one shared by Roberto Mieres and Cesare Perdisa, the other by Luigi Musso and endurance racing veteran Luigi "Gino" Valenzano. Stewart's campaign gained momentum after the deaths of Lorenzo Bandini and Jim Clark. "[30][31], His teammates, Castellotti and Marzotto, were the first of the leaders to falter: a slipping clutch eventually led to engine failure just before 8pm. agf®（味の素agf）公式ウェブサイト。マキシム®・ブレンディ®などの商品情報、コーヒー関連情報、コーヒーオリゴ糖に関する研究開発、企業情報などをご紹介します。 [22] Le nombre élevé de victimes tient au fait que la Mercedes a décollé, ce qui ne s'était encore jamais vu, avant que les éléments lourds comme le moteur ou le train avant ne plongent à travers les spectateurs qui étaient extrêmement nombreux le long des palissades. 24 Hours of Le Mans, original name Grand Prix de Vitesse et d’Endurance or Grand Prix of Speed and Endurance, probably the world’s best-known automobile race, run annually (with few exceptions) since 1923 at the Sarthe road-racing circuit, near Le Mans, France.Since 1928 the winner has been the car that travels the greatest distance in a 24-hour time period. « J'ai doublé une Austin-Healey, j'ai donné un signal avec la main droite que j'allais arrêter aux ravitaillements ; après cela j'ai freiné », « Les pilotes des petites voitures comme l'Austin doivent constamment surveiller les machines plus rapides qui arrivent derrière eux et vont les doubler. For the short film, see, 21st Rudge-Whitworth Biennial Cup (1954/1955), World Championship standings after the race. Our cars go too fast". The 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 23rd 24 Hours of Le Mans and took place on 11 and 12 June 1955 on Circuit de la Sarthe.It was also the fourth round of the F.I.A. The accident caused widespread shock and immediate bans on auto racing in many countries. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car, with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. The next round of the World Sports Car Championship at the Nürburgring was cancelled, as was the Carrera Panamericana. Panhard also fielded two bigger, 850cc-engined, cars that had to run in the S-1100 class. Ceci aurait expliqué pourquoi nombre de spectateurs voyaient des flammes blanches envelopper la Mercedes. Maglioli and Hill had been Ferrari rivals in the previous Carrera Panamericana. This year the honorary starter was Conte Aymo Maggi, the President and organiser of the Mille Miglia. In total there were 27 British cars starting, nearly half the field. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; The catastrophic crash, which came to be known as the 1955 Le Mans disaster, remains the deadliest accident in the history of motorsport. Fitch was coaxed out of retirement by his friend Briggs Cunningham to help the Chevrolet Corvette effort at Le Mans in 1960 and later worked to develop traffic safety devices including the sand-filled "Fitch barrels". With no further challenge from Mercedes-Benz or Ferrari, Jaguar were holding a comfortable 1–2, although Rolt and Hamilton were having problems with their gearbox. Second place remained in contention until late morning as the Valenzano/Musso Maserati, five laps down from the leader, was pushing hard and being chased by the Collins/Frère Aston Martin until the Maserati retired with a seized transmission. They came with a good driver line-up: Peter Collins and Paul Frère, 1951 winner Peter Walker and Roy Salvadori, and rookies Tony Brooks and John Riseley-Prichard. At this time, the Ministry of the Interior released new regulations for racing events, and codified the approval process that future racing events would need to follow. [42] A press photo showed him smiling on the podium swigging from the victor's bottle of champagne, and the French press ran it with the sarcastic headline "Here's to You, Mr Hawthorn". [16] The S-2000 class fell into the lap of the Bristols. A special mass was held in the morning in the Le Mans Cathedral for the first funerals of the accident victims. For tutoring please call 856.777.0840 I am a recently retired registered nurse who helps nursing students pass their NCLEX. L'ampleur du drame provoqua dans l'opinion publique un vif mais bref sentiment de rejet pour le sport automobile, que ce soit en France ou dans d'autres pays européens. Phil Hill, now driving Maglioli's Ferrari noted "At this point I was numbed by it all, shocked that all this could be happening at once and on my first-ever Ferrari racing lap of Le Mans. They also persisted with the Lagonda project – the 4.5L V12 being biggest engine in the field. John Fitch, "Racing with Mercedes" (Photo Data Research, Clarke 1997, p.132: Road & Track Sept 1955, Clarke 1997, p.133: Road & Track Sept 1955, Clarke 1997, p.130: Road & Track Sept 1955, the deadliest accident in motor racing history, http://www.sportscardigest.com/1955-24-hours-of-le-mans-race-profile/, Deadliest Crash:the Le Mans 1955 Disaster (Programme Website), Le Mans 1955 from The Mike Hawthorn Tribute Site, Deadliest Crash: The Le Mans 1955 Disaster, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1955_24_Hours_of_Le_Mans&oldid=991274444, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. As expected, the Ferraris showed themselves to be extremely fast on a single lap, and Castellotti set the fastest official time, easily breaking the lap record and was a second quicker than Fangio in his Mercedes. [1][2], A total of 87 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 70 arrived for practice, to qualify for the 60 places on the starting grid, and included 15 factory teams.[3]. Les secours seront de surcroît débordés par le nombre important de victimes. Az utolsó kettő szezonban az angol Mike Hawthorn, majd az ausztrál Jack Brabham nyert. Title-holders Ferrari arrived with the new 735 LM, powered by a straight-six engine derived from the previous year's Formula 1 car (and stepping away from the usual 12-cylinder Ferrari engines) producing a 360 bhp (270 kW). Championship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. F1.albayrak.biz @F1tablo Twitter - Türkçe Formula 1® için, Canlı-Tekrar Yayın, Haber, Kaynak, İstatistik Tabloları The smallest, S-750, class was again dominated by French cars, from Panhard, Monopole, DB (all with Panhard engines), and VP-Renault. Although Hawthorn was relieved to have gotten his first Le Mans victory, he was devastated by the tragedy. Entendu par le juge, Hawthorn déclare[3] : « J'ai doublé une Austin-Healey, j'ai donné un signal avec la main droite que j'allais arrêter aux ravitaillements ; après cela j'ai freiné ». That was a lesson I never forgot, which was that when something happens, get on the gas. Finalement, il s'avéra impossible de désigner un responsable du drame et un non-lieu fut rendu le 10 novembre 1956. This year Reg Parnell was co-driven by Dennis Poore. Juan-Manuel Fangio never raced at Le Mans again. [14] MG returned after 20 years with the EX.182 prototype – a 1.5L forerunner of the upcoming MGA roadster. [33], After the catastrophic accident, John Fitch, picking up on the early media reports, had urged the Mercedes team to withdraw from the race – he could see that win or lose, it would be a PR disaster for the company. The three-car Bristol team finished seventh, eighth and ninth, in formation for a consecutive year at the top of two-litre class. Sur ce bout de film qui dure à peine trois secondes[2] on voit les voitures sortir de « Maison Blanche » : la Jaguar devant l'Austin et un peu derrière la Mercedes de Levegh ; et d'un seul coup l'Austin jaillit en diagonale à travers la piste juste devant la machine de Levegh qui ne peut strictement rien faire pour l'éviter. Additionally the privateer Porsche comprehensively won the S-1100 class finishing nearly 40 laps ahead of the unclassified Cooper. [33], Meanwhile, Don Beauman had planted his works Jaguar in the sandtrap at Arnage. Jaguar arrived with three works D-types. Around 8am, the second Jaguar's gearbox finally seized and they were out. But then Stirling Moss went by me like a streak in his Mercedes 300 SLR, and that woke me up. After an emergency meeting of the company directors in Stuttgart, Neubauer finally got the call approving the team's withdrawal just before midnight. Or le film montre clairement qu'il ne pouvait pas éviter l'accrochage, et à ce moment-là il était quand même cinquième du classement général ; Fangio lui-même, au cours d'un entretien avec le juge Zadoc-Khan, avait déclaré : « Je n'aurais rien pu faire ». Un drame de cette ampleur ne pouvait que susciter commentaires et hypothèses souvent infondées. Cette commission n'aura pas la tâche facile car la plupart des protagonistes (constructeurs, pilotes, mécaniciens et autres) sont repartis dans leurs pays d'origine, et elle manque de témoins fiables : l'accident avait été si imprévisible et si soudain que personne n'avait rien vu venir, et, même après, la plupart n'auront rien compris à ce qui venait de se passer. It was Castellotti, by dint of being near the front of the grid formation, who was first under the Dunlop Bridge and leading the first lap, followed by Hawthorn in the Jaguar. Damon Hill è nato a Hampstead, Londra, il 17 settembre 1960 da Graham Hill e Bette Shubrook. Moity, Christian (1974) The Le Mans 24 Hour Race 1949-1973 Radnor, Pennsylvania: Pomeroy, L. & Walkerley, R. - editors (1956) The Motor Year Book 1956 Bath: The Pitman Press, Whitaker, Sigur E. (2014) Tony Hulman: The Man Who Saved the Indianapolis Motor Speedway McFarland, This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 05:45. In the S-2000 class, along with a pair each of Triumph TR2s and Frazer Nash Sebrings, Bristol was back, this time with its 450C open-top variant. It was also the fourth round of the F.I.A. Cooper brought two cars – one a Jaguar-engined T38, the other, a T39, with a Climax engine. Maglioli and Hill took up their third place until they too were stopped about 11pm when a rock pierced their radiator. Restait à savoir pourquoi Macklin avait vu trop tard que la Jaguar freinait devant lui, et c'est le Belge Paul Frère, qui pilotait cette année-là une Aston Martin avec laquelle, associé à P. Collins, il termina second de l'épreuve, qui donna la réponse la plus plausible[3] : « Les pilotes des petites voitures comme l'Austin doivent constamment surveiller les machines plus rapides qui arrivent derrière eux et vont les doubler. [46][47] Track safety technology and practices evolved slowly until Formula 1 driver Jackie Stewart organized a concerted campaign to advocate for better safety measures 10 years later. [12] Colin Chapman, racing with Scotsman Ron Flockhart arrived with his new Lotus 9 sports car – like the other small English firms Kieft, Cooper and Arnott, running the 1100cc Climax engine.[15]. Having conquered Formula 1, Mercedes-Benz had now turned its attention to sports car racing. For the first time none of the Cunningham team cars finished.[11]. Jaguar team manager Lofty England declined. Maserati also ran a smaller A6GCS in the S-2000 class. Finally, after 70 minutes, it was Castellotti's mistake braking for the Mulsanne corner that let the Jaguar and Mercedes through. He also brought (for the last time, as it happened) a new Cunningham C6-R, giving up on a big V8 Hemi to instead use an Indianapolis-style Offenhauser 3.0L straight-4. Il faudra cependant attendre 1971 pour qu'une rangée de deux rails sépare la piste de la voie des stands. [22] The opening hours had also seen the lap record broken by a significant margin. During the race, Pierre Levegh crashed into a crowd of spectators, killing 84 and injuring 120 in the deadliest accident in motor racing history. Le choc est si violent que tous les éléments situés devant le pilote se détachent : capot, radiateur, moteur, train avant et autres continuent sur leur lancée sur près de soixante mètres à travers la foule dense qui se presse le long des palissades[2]. Dans son enquête, le juge Zadoc-Khan devra aussi rechercher les éventuels responsables du drame. At 6.20pm, at the end of lap 35 when the first pit-stops were due, the 1955 Le Mans disaster occurred. Two of the DB-Panhards were the only French cars to finish in the normally reliable small-car classes. Des témoins prétendirent qu'il y avait eu plusieurs explosions. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 25 avril 2021 à 17:36. [18], As a comparison, some of the lap-times recorded during practice were:[19], Over the flying kilometre on the Mulsanne straight, the following top speeds in practice and the race were recorded:[2]. L'accident a eu lieu à la fin du circuit de 13,5 km, au niveau de la ligne d'arrivée qui précède le long alignement des stands sur la droite, et les enceintes des tribunes à gauche ; avant d'arriver dans ce dernier tronçon les voitures sortent d'une courbe rapide dite « Maison Blanche », puis suivent une portion rectiligne qui oblique légèrement sur la droite après quelques centaines de mètres. Il y aura là une quinzaine de morts[3]. [11] He and Sherwood Johnston would race it. They were backed up by D-Types entered by Belgium's Ecurie Francorchamps and from American Briggs Cunningham's team. After a fortuitous class victory in 1954, Porsche arrived in force with a mix of works and (nominally) private entries: four cars in the S-1500 and two in the S-1100 classes. Less than three months later, Lance Macklin decided to retire after being involved in a twin fatality accident during the 1955 RAC Tourist Trophy race at Dundrod Circuit. Their 300SLRs were rated by many experts as the best sports cars in the world. Further back were Musso's Maserati, Collins’ Aston Martin, the Belgian Jaguar and the remaining big Ferrari fighting its way up from the back of the field. [43], The official enquiry concluded that no one driver was to blame and that it was instead a tragic combination of circumstances that had caused the accident, including serious deficiencies in the track design and safety.[34]. Despite the disaster and poor weather, there were a number of new records set: Both first and second beat the old distance record – and five new class records were set. Après ce survol d'une quarantaine de mètres, la Mercedes arrive sur un petit muret en béton qui borde le souterrain permettant de traverser la piste ; toujours cabrée le nez vers le ciel, elle vient s'abattre dessus à près de 150 km/h[note 3] dans un fracas de tonnerre que beaucoup prendront pour une explosion. [32] The other Mercedes still trailed the Hawthorn/Bueb car by two laps. A number of racing teams including Mercedes-Benz, MG and Bristol had disbanded and withdrawn from racing by the end of the season. Or ce document existait : un spectateur anglais placé juste le long des palissades avait filmé avec une petite caméra d'amateur 8 mm la sortie du virage de Maison Blanche, se trouvant de ce fait sur la trajectoire de la Mercedes accidentée – celui-ci fut d'ailleurs sérieusement blessé. À 18 h 28 quatre voitures sortent du virage de « Maison Blanche », d'abord l'Austin-Healey de Lance Macklin (no 26) qui roule à environ 175 km/h, puis la Jaguar de Mike Hawthorn (no 6) qui est en tête de la course à ce moment, suivi de la Mercedes de Pierre Levegh (no 20) et, un peu en arrière, de la Mercedes de Juan Manuel Fangio. Il fut dit aussi que les freins de l'Austin n'étaient pas aussi puissants que ceux, à disques, de la Jaguar, ce qui n'aurait pas permis à Macklin de ralentir aussi fort. Enfin, de grands grillages de sécurité seront posés entre la piste et les zones accueillant les spectateurs pour l'édition 1996, quarante ans après le drame. Although 11 laps (nearly 150 km) behind the winners, they were again a model of reliability. The scale of the accident caused some drivers present, including Phil Walters (who had been offered a drive with Ferrari for the rest of the season[6]), Sherwood Johnston, and John Fitch (after completing the season with Mercedes-Benz), to retire from racing. Managing director Sir George White donated the team's winnings to a charity for the disaster's victims. In contrast, after the despair of their 1954 race, OSCA only had a single privateer in the S-1500 class. [25] Macklin then braked hard, getting off the right-hand edge of the track and throwing up dust. Il est donc probable que Macklin, après avoir vu la Jaguar passer à côté de lui comme un boulet, a reporté son attention sur le rétroviseur pour voir arriver la Mercedes de Levegh ; et quand il a de nouveau regardé la piste devant lui, il était déjà trop près de cette Jaguar, d'où sa manœuvre incontrôlée. Jaguar avait eu connaissance de ce film et l'avait aussitôt acheté sans jamais en parler à personne. Track organizers dream of holding a 500-mile race with ten leading Indianapolis 500 drivers facing ten counterparts from Formula One. Comme dans toute zone où sont admis les spectateurs, la piste est bordée d'un talus de protection haut d'un mètre environ, renforcé par des fascines, et longé un peu plus loin par des palissades derrière lesquelles se trouve le public[2]. To save pit-time, the team also pioneered a multi-barrel spanner to remove and re-apply all the wheelnuts together when changing the wheel. Cet accident provoquera le retrait du constructeur Mercedes de la compétition automobile pour les décennies suivantes : il ne reviendra au Mans qu'à partir de 1998 et en Formule 1 qu'en 2010. La rumeur la plus tenace, au point de figurer des années après dans certains ouvrages, voulait que Mercedes ait ajouté un additif détonant au carburant officiel fourni par l'ACO. The Ferrari Dino 246 was the first V6-powered car to win a Grand Prix and, in 1960, the last front-engined F1 car to win a Grand Prix. Chapman quickly reversed and got going again only to be disqualified because he had restarted without the marshal's permission[2][35], The Aston Martins had been running to a strict lap-time set by team manager John Wyer, but keeping just in the top-10. Ces trois dernières voitures roulent à environ 240 km/h. Dans le même temps, l'Austin qui a été percutée par la Mercedes et dont le train arrière gauche a été démoli par le choc zigzague d'un bord à l'autre de la piste jusqu'aux stands où elle fauche quatre personnes, dont un commissaire de piste qui perdra la vie. [12] Aston Martin pared back its effort a bit, to just three DB3S (now with disc brakes and an improved 225 bhp (168 kW) 3-litre engine[13]). Il y aura là plus d'une soixantaine de morts. At midnight, the Mercedes of Fangio/Moss was leading Hawthorn/Bueb by two laps, themselves two laps ahead of the Kling/Simon Mercedes and the other two works Jaguars all scrapping between themselves. Pour l'édition 1956, les stands du circuit des 24 Heures seront détruits et reconstruits plusieurs mètres en retrait du circuit afin d'élargir la piste au niveau de la ligne droite des tribunes. In the 2-litre category, the Maserati and Gordini had been battling each other, well ahead of the British cars and just outside the top-10. World Sports Car Championship. [48] Class Winners are in bold text. [37][38], Porsche had its best finish yet with the trio of 1.5 litre Porsche 550 Spyders finishing fourth, fifth and sixth with Helmut Polensky and Richard von Frankenberg winning the S-1500 class, the Index of Performance, as well as the Biennial Cup. This year's model had engine power increased from 250 to 270 bhp (190 to 200 kW), for a top speed of almost 280 km/h (170 mph). This complete ban was lifted on September 14, 1955. Ainsi, en Suisse, cette interdiction est restée en vigueur jusqu'en 2007 pour les courses sur circuit, amenant à disputer les Grand Prix automobile de Suisse de 1975 et de 1982 en France, sur le circuit de Dijon-Prenois. Si la commission avait eu ce document, cela lui aurait permis de stopper la campagne menée par les Anglais contre Levegh qu'ils considéraient comme le responsable de l'accident : trop vieux (49 ans, mais Fangio était encore champion du monde à 46 ans), manque d'entraînement, inapte à conduire une machine aussi rapide, pas les bons réflexes, etc.[7]. Jacobs survived the accident, but was severely injured and never raced again. Fangio's start was delayed when his trouser leg snagged on the gear shift lever, but he worked his way up the field to join Hawthorn and Castellotti. While both cars were able to start the race, Behra had face and leg injuries that forced him out, to be replaced by reserve driver Robert Manzon. Unfortunately, the road racers take a pass and the only foreign representation consists of three D-type Jaguar sports cars, two of which just finished first and second in the previous week's 24-Hours of Le Mans. Travelling at 150 mph, Levegh's right-front wheel rode up onto the left rear corner of Macklin's, launching the car into the air and rolling end over end for 80 metres over spectators. Race officials kept the race running, reasoning that if the huge crowd tried to leave en masse it would clog the roads, severely restricting access for medical and emergency crews trying to save the injured. The fuel-injected 3-litre straight-8 was the most advanced of the entire field, producing 300 bhp (220 kW). Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. World Sports Car Championship.During the race, Pierre Levegh crashed into a crowd of spectators, killing 84 and injuring 120 in the deadliest accident in motor racing history. The crowd's expectations of a showdown between the three top marques were soon fulfilled as, by lap 4, the three manufacturers’ works cars filled the top 8 places – excepting Trintignant's Ferrari in the pits with an early issue. [2][4] The works team mixed its current F1 drivers along with new talent: Eugenio Castellotti with Paolo Marzotto, Maurice Trintignant with Harry Schell and Umberto Maglioli drove with Phil Hill. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55… Results taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO. Pour mieux juger, il manque aux enquêteurs un document filmé montrant l'accrochage entre l'Austin et la Mercedes.
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